FIGO Staging for Ovarian Cancer (2014)
Classifies ovarian cancer based on tumor location, size, grade and lymph nodes or metastatic spread.
Refer to the text below the calculator for more information about ovarian cancer staging.
The FIGO staging may be used for postoperative assessment in patients with histologically-proven ovarian cancer.
Staging ranges from stage I through to stage IV, where the lower the stage, the more limited the malignancy spread. Each of the four stages may be further classified depending on other tumor characteristics.
The FIGO ovarian cancer staging system uses three main factors to classify the cancer:
- The extent of the tumor;
- The spread to nearby lymph nodes;
- The spread (metastasis) to distant sites.
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Ovarian Cancer – FIGO Staging Explained
The FIGO staging may be used for postoperative assessment in patients with histologically-proven ovarian cancer.
Staging ranges from stage I through to stage IV, where the lower the stage, the more limited the malignancy spread. Each of the four stages may be further classified depending on other tumor characteristics:
Ovarian cancer description | FIGO Stage | ||
Stage I: Tumor confined to ovaries | Tumor limited to 1 ovary, capsule intact, no tumor on surface, negative washings | Stage IA | |
Tumor involves both ovaries otherwise like above | Stage IB | ||
Tumor limited to 1 or both ovaries | Surgical spill | Stage IC1 | |
Capsule rupture before surgery or tumor on ovarian surface | Stage IC2 | ||
Malignant cells in the ascites or peritoneal washings | Stage IC3 | ||
Stage II: Tumor involves 1 or both ovaries with pelvic extension (below the pelvic brim) or primary peritoneal cancer | Extension and/or implant on uterus and/or fallopian tubes | Stage IIA | |
Extension to other pelvic intraperitoneal tissues | Stage IIB | ||
Stage III: Tumor involves 1 or both ovaries with cytologically or histologically confirmed spread to the peritoneum outside the pelvis and/or metastasis to the retroperitoneal lymph nodes | Positive retroperitoneal lymph nodes and/or microscopic metastasis beyond the pelvis | Positive retroperitoneal lymph nodes only (Metastasis ≤10 mm) | Stage IIIA1(i) |
Positive retroperitoneal lymph nodes only (Metastasis >10 mm) | Stage IIIA1(ii) | ||
Microscopic, extrapelvic (above the brim) peritoneal involvement ± positive retroperitoneal lymph nodes | Stage IIIA2 | ||
Macroscopic, extrapelvic, peritoneal metastasis ≤2 cm ± positive retroperitoneal lymph nodes; includes extension to capsule of liver/spleen | Stage IIIB | ||
Macroscopic, extrapelvic, peritoneal metastasis >2 cm ± positive retroperitoneal lymph nodes; includes extension to capsule of liver/spleen | Stage IIIC | ||
Stage IV: Distant metastasis excluding peritoneal metastasis | Pleural effusion with positive cytology | Stage IVA | |
Hepatic and/or splenic parenchymal metastasis, metastasis to extra-abdominal organs (including inguinal lymph nodes and lymph nodes outside of the abdominal cavity) | Stage IVB |
Other recommendations accompanying the FIGO staging may include:
- Primary site (ovary, Fallopian tube or peritoneum) should be designated where possible;
- Histologic type including grading should be designated at staging;
- Tumors that may otherwise qualify for stage I but where dense adhesions are present, may justify upgrading to stage II if the adhesions are histologically proven to contain tumor cells.
The FIGO staging system agrees with the World Health Organization histologic typing of epithelial ovarian tumours and fallopian tube and peritoneal neoplasia as follows:
- Serous tumours;
- Mucinous tumours;
- Endrometrioid tumours;
- Clear cell tumours;
- Brenner tumours;
- Undifferentiated carcinomas;
- Mixed epithelial tumours;
- Peritoneal carcinoma or serous carcinoma of undesignated site (where the ovaries and fallopian tubes appear to be incidentally involved and not the primary origin).
There is another staging system, the AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) TNM staging system, which is very similar to the FIGO, because both systems use three main factors to classify the cancer:
- The extent of the tumor;
- The spread to nearby lymph nodes;
- The spread (metastasis) to distant sites.
References
Original reference
Prat J; FIGO Committee on Gynecologic Oncology. Staging classification for cancer of the ovary, fallopian tube, and peritoneum. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2014; 124(1):1-5.
Other references
Prat J; FIGO Committee on Gynecologic Oncology. Staging Classification for Cancer of the Ovary, Fallopian Tube, and Peritoneum: Abridged Republication of Guidelines From the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO). Obstet Gynecol. 2015; 126(1):171-174.
Heintz AP, Odicino F, Maisonneuve P, et al. Carcinoma of the ovary. FIGO 26th Annual Report on the Results of Treatment in Gynecological Cancer. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2006; 95 Suppl 1:S161-S192.
Specialty: Oncology
System: Reproductive
Objective: Staging
Year Of Study: 2014
Article By: Denise Nedea
Published On: September 26, 2020 · 12:00 AM
Last Checked: September 26, 2020
Next Review: September 26, 2025